SS-31
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a cell-permeable aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively targets and accumulates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It binds cardiolipin to stabilize mitochondrial cristae structure, enhance ATP production, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protect mitochondria from oxidative damage, making it a core tool for mitochondrial function and aging research.
SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131) is a synthetic cell-permeable aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide, the most extensively studied mitochondria-targeted protective peptide for metabolic and degenerative disease research:
Core Mechanism & Defining Properties
- Selectively accumulates >1,000-fold in the inner mitochondrial membrane via electrostatic attraction to negatively charged cardiolipin, a phospholipid critical for mitochondrial cristae structure and electron transport chain (ETC) function
- Stabilizes mitochondrial cristae architecture, enhances ETC efficiency, and boosts cellular ATP production
- Scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits cardiolipin peroxidation, and prevents cytochrome c release to reduce mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptotic signaling
- Penetrates cell membranes independently of mitochondrial membrane potential, enabling it to target dysfunctional, depolarized mitochondria that conventional cytoplasmic antioxidants cannot reach
- Exerts no adverse effects on healthy, normally functioning mitochondria
Primary Research Applications
- Mitochondrial bioenergetics and function regulation research
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury models (cardiac, renal, and neurological tissue)
- Aging biology and age-related mitochondrial functional decline studies
- Preclinical models of neurodegeneration, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease
- Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction therapeutic research
Manufactured to ≥98% purity, sterile-filtered, and lyophilized for long-term storage stability.
For laboratory research use only; not intended for human or veterinary administration.
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